Electron microscopy of a biopsy specimen in a patient with IgA nephropathy. Electron dense deposits can be identified in the mesangium (black arrows), which on immunofluorescence would have predominant or co-dominant IgA staining. Note that although mesangial IgA deposits are classic in IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis (former Henoch-Schonlein purpura…
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Perihilar variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Hyaline deposition and sclerosis occur at the vascular pole of the glomerulus. This variant is believed to be a secondary form of FSGS, occurring as an adaptive response to other injuries resulting in loss of functioning nephrons, such as in obesity-related kidney disease.…
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A normal glomerulus (left) and hypertrophied glomerulus (glomerulomegaly, right). Glomerulomegaly is an adaptive response to decreased nephron number (e.g. prematurity) and/or increased demand (e.g. obesity). Patients with glomerulomegaly may have sub-nephrotic or nephrotic-range proteinuria, but other features of nephrotic syndrome are rare. Images courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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A patient with IgA nephropathy and associated segmental glomerulosclerosis. Images courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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Early radiographic changes on left knee X-ray in an infant with hypophosphatemic rickets. There is decreased mineralization of the long bones and splaying, or widening, at the distal femur and proximal tibia, where the metaphyses are located.
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A mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in a child with acute interstitial nephritis. Image courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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WBC casts (black arrows) in a biopsy specimen of a patient with acute interstitial nephritis. Images courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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Gross pathology and low-power light microscopy of kidney tissue in a neonate with ARPKD. The kidneys are enlarged but maintain their reniform shape, and are full of microscopic cysts derived from dilated distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts. Images courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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Microscopic renal cysts. Note the flattened to cuboidal epithelium lining the cysts. Images courtesy of Patrick Walker, MD.
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